yuan or one thousand wen); (left) 永遠通行 (circulating in perpetuity); (right) 大明寳鈔 (Great Ming currency); (bottom) 戶部 / 奏准印造 / 大明寳鈔與銅錢通行 / 使用僞造者斬告捕 / 者賞銀貳百伍拾兩 / 仍給犯人財產 / 洪武年月日 (The Imperial Board of Revenue having memorialised the Throne has received the Imperial sanction for the issue of Government notes of the Ming Empire to circulate on the same footing as standard cash. To counterfeit is death. The informant will receive 250 Taels of silver and in addition the entire property of the criminal). The Hongwu era of the reign of Emperor Taizu (1368-1398 AD).]]> sancai ware figure in the form of a camel standing on a shallow rectangular unglazed base with five musicians mounted on its back. Dominant glaze colours are white ochre green and blue.]]> sancai ware figure of a saddled horse with a lowered head standing on a shallow rectangular unglazed base. irregularly shaped, multi-coloured glazed ceramic horse. Horse's mane presents pattern of linear grooves and the saddle a pattern of grooved diagonal criss-crosses. Horse's body is glazed brown and the saddle is glazed cream and green. Horse's tail exhibits a tie glazed blue.]]> taotie-like design.]]> Taotie-like face carved in relief on one side. Two holes pierced either side of obverse and another hole pierced longitudinally.]]> guangxu yuanbao) surrounding four Manchu characters the rightmost of which is identifiable as boo. Reverse outer circumference reads 34th YEAR OF KUANG HSU PEI YANG in English-language script surrounding central dragon motif. From the Guangxu era of the reign of Emperor Dezong (1875-1908 AD).]]> guangxu yuanbao) surrounding a group of Manchu characters the rightmost of which is identifiable as boo. Reverse outer circumference reads KWANG-TUNG PROVINCE 1 MACE AND 44 CANAREENS in English-language script surrounding a central dragon motif. From the Guangxu era of the reign of Emperor Dezong (1875-1908 AD).]]> yuan).]]> wen bronze coin) surrounding a central wreath and chrysanthemum flower motif. Reverse outer circumference reads HO-NAN 200 CASH surrounding a central crossed flags motif.]]> wen); (sides) 清江 (Qingjiang Jiangsu province). Obverse inner circumference presents four Chinese characters 光緒元寶 (guangxu yuanbao) surrounding a central floral motif. Reverse outer circumference reads TSING-KIANG TEN CASH in English-language script surrounding a central dragon motif. From the Guangxu era of the reign of Emperor Dezong (1875-1908 AD).]]> wen). Obverse inner circumference presents four Chinese characters 光緒元寶 (guangxu yuanbao) surrounding two Manchu characters boo dung (Yantai Shandong province mint). Reverse outer circumference reads SHANG-TUNG TEN CASH in English-language script surrounding central dragon motif. From the Guangxu era of the reign of Emperor Dezong (1875-1908 AD).]]> bingwu, 1906); (bottom) 當製錢五文 (five cash); (sides) 戶部 (Ministry of Revenue). Obverse inner circumference presents four Chinese characters 大清銅幣 (Great Qing copper coin) surrounding a fifth Chinese character 鄂 (an abbreviation for Hubei province). Reverse outer circumference presents (top) four Chinese characters 光绪年造 (made during the reign of Emperor Guangxu) and reads (bottom and sides) TAI-CHING-TI-KUO COPPER COIN in English-language script surrounding central dragon motif. From the Guangxu era of the reign of Emperor Dezong (1875-1908 AD).]]> wen) and sides 戶部 (Ministry of Revenue). Obverse inner circumference presents four Chinese characters 大清銅幣 (Great Qing copper coin) surrounding a fifth central Chinese character 汴 (bian). Reverse outer circumference reads TAI-CHING-TI-KUO COPPER COIN in worn English-language script surrounding central dragon motif.

(2) One circular coin. Obverse outer circumference presents nine Chinese characters and four Manchu characters comprising (top) unidentified Manchu characters bounded by 丙午 （the year of bingwu 1906 AD); (bottom) 當製錢十文 (value ten wen); (sides) 戶部 (Ministry of Revenue). Obverse inner circumference presents four Chinese characters 大清銅幣 (Great Qing copper coin) surrounding a fifth Chinese character 川 (an abbreviation for Sichuan province). Reverse outer circumference presents (top) four Chinese characters 光绪年造 (made during the reign of Emperor Guangxu) and reads (bottom and sides) TAI-CHING-TI-KUO COPPER COIN in English-language script surrounding central dragon motif. From the Guangxu era of the reign of Emperor Dezong (1875-1908 AD).

(3) One circular coin. Obverse outer circumference presents seven Chinese characters and four Manchu characters comprising (top) illegible Manchu characters; (bottom) 當製錢十文 (value ten wen); (sides) 丁未 (the year of dingwei 1907 AD). Obverse inner circumference presents four Chinese characters 大清銅幣 (Great Qing copper coin). Reverse outer circumfence presents (top) four Chinese characters 光绪年造 (made during the reign of Emperor Guangxu) and reads (bottom right and right side) COPPER COIN. Additional script on the left outer circumference is worn beyond legibility. From the Guangxu era of the reign of Emperor Dezong (1875-1908 AD).]]> guangxu yuanbao) surrounding two Manchu characters the leftmost of which is boo and the rightmost of which is unidentified. Reverse outer circumference reads HU-NAN and TEN CASH in English-language script surrounding central dragon motif. From the Guangxu era of the reign of Emperor Dezong (1875-1908 AD).

(2) One circular coin. Obverse outer circumference presents nine Chinese characters comprising (top) 湖南省造 (minted in Hunan province); (bottom) 黃銅元 (brass coin); (sides) 當十 (value ten).  Obverse inner circumference presents four Chinese characters 光緒元寶 (guangxu yuanbao) surrounding two Manchu characters (nan boo) (Changsha Hunan province mint). Reverse outer circumference reads HU-NAN and TEN CASH in English-language script surrounding central dragon motif. From the Guangxu era of the reign of Emperor Dezong (1875-1908 AD).]]> wen). Obverse inner circumference presents four Chinese characters 光緒元寶 (guangxu yuanbao). Reverse outer circumference reads PEI YANG and TEN CASH in English-language script surrounding central dragon motif. From the Guangxu era of the reign of Emperor Dezong (1875-1908 AD).]]> wen). Reverse outer circumference reads HO-NAN TEN CASH in English-language script surrounding a central design of crossed flags bordered on either side by botanical motifs.

(2) One circular coin. Obverse outer circumference presents nine Chinese characters comprising (top) 中華民國 (Republic of China) and (bottom) 當二十銅元 (value twenty wen bronze coin) surrounding a central wreath motif. Reverse outer circumference reads HO-NAN TWENTY CASH in English-language script surrounding a central design of crossed flags bordered on either side by botanical motifs.]]> boo at the left and an unidentified character at the right. Obverse inner circumference presents four Chinese characters 光緒元寶 (guangxu yuanbao). Reverse outer circumference reads HU-PEH PROVINCE and TEN CASH in English-language script surrounding central dragon motif. From the Guangxu era of the reign of Emperor Dezong (1875-1908 AD).]]> (1) One circular coin. Obverse outer circumference presents six Chinese and two Manchu characters comprising (top)  江蘇省造 (minted in Zhejiang province); (bottom) 當十 (value ten); (sides) boo je (Hangzhou Zhejiang province mint). Obverse inner circumference presents four Chinese characters 光绪元宝 (guangxu yuanbao) surrounding a central floral motif. Reverse presents double dragon design. From the Guangxu era of the reign of Emperor Dezong (1875-1908 AD).

(2) One circular coin. Obverse outer circumference presents four Chinese characters 大清銅幣 (Great Qing bronze coin) situated equidistantly around a central dragon and botanical motif. Reverse outer circumference presents eleven Chinese characters comprising (top) 宣統三年 (the third year of Xuantong 1911 AD) and (bottom) 百枚換銀幣一圓 (a hundred silver coins can be converted to one yuan). Reverse inner circumference presents two Chinese characters 十文 (ten wen) and an enclosing wreath design. Reverse exhibits prominent parallel scoring. From the Xuantong era (1909-1912 AD) of the reign of emperor Gongzong (1908-1912 AD).]]> han).]]> hao).]]> jiatai tongbao). From the Jiatai era (1201-1204 AD) of the reign of Emperor Ningzong (1194-1224 AD).]]> zhenghe tongbao). From the Zhenghe era (1111-1118 AD) of the reign of Emperor Huizong (1100-1126 AD).

(2) One circular coin. Square central hole. The Obverse presents four Chinese characters 政和通寶 (zhenghe tongbao). Material missing from rim. From the Zhenghe era (1111-1118 AD) of the reign of Emperor Huizong (1100-1126 AD).]]> hongwu tongbao). Reverse presents two corroded Chinese characters 京十 (jing shi); jing 京 referring to the Nanjing mint and shi 十 denoting the value of ten. From the Hongwu era of the reign of Emperor Taizu (1368-1398 AD).]]> jiatai tongbao). From the Jiatai era (1201-1204 AD) of the reign of Emperor Ningzong (1194-1224 AD).]]> ban liang). Ban Liang of rimless Western Han Dynasty type from ~175-119 BC.]]> ban liang). Ban Liang of indeterminate type from ~378-119 BCE.]]> xianfeng tongbao). Reverse presents two Manchu characters worn beyond legibility. Coin worn through at one point on its obverse upper right internal circumference. From the Xianfeng era (1851-1861 AD) of the reign of Emperor Wenzong (1850-1861 AD).]]> anfa yuanbao). Reverse is blank. From the Thuận Thiên era of the reign of Emperor Lê Lợi (1428-1433 AD).]]> qianlong tongbao). Reverse presents two worn Manchu characters boo yun (Yunnan province mint).]]> jingsheng tongbao). Reverse is blank. From the Cảnh Thịnh era of the reign of Emperor Nguyễn Quang Toản (1792-1802 AD).]]> taiping tongbao). Spans the period between the first (Taipingxingguo) and third (Duangong) eras (976-989 AD) of the reign of Emperor Taizong (976-997 AD).]]> kaiyuan tongbao). Kai Yuan of indeterminate type from 621-907 AD.]]> qianlong tongbao). Reverse presents two worn Manchu characters boo chiowan (Beijing Board of Revenue mint). From the Qianlong era (1736-1796 AD) of the reign of Emperor Gaozong (1735-1796 AD).]]> hongzhi tongbao). From the Hongzhi era of the reign of Emperor Xiaozong (1487-1505 AD).]]> kaiyuan tongbao). Kai Yuan early type (621-718 AD).]]> hongwu tongbao). From the Hongwu era of the reign of Emperor Taizu (1368-1398 AD).]]> zhenglong yuanbao). From the Zhenglong era (1156-1161 AD) of the reign of Emperor Wanyan Liang (1150-1161 AD).]]> shaoxing yuanbao). From the Shaoxing era (1131-1162 AD) of the reign of Emperor Gaozong (1127-1162 AD).]]> xining zhongbao). From the Xining era (1068-1077 AD) of the reign of Emperor Shenzong (1068-1085 AD).]]> xining yuanbao). From the Xining era (1068-1077 AD) of the reign of Emperor Shenzong (1068-1085 AD).]]> huangsong tongbao). Spans the period between the fourth (Baoyuan) and seventh (Huangyou) eras (1038-1054 AD) of the reign of Emperor Renzong (1022-1063 AD).]]> zhidao yuanbao). From the Zhidao era (995-997 AD) of the reign of Emperor Taizong (976-997 AD).]]> fen) either side of ancient Chinese spade money motif. Reverse presents eight characters 中華民國二十五年 (the twenty-fifth year of the Republic of China or 1936) defining an arc over a twelve-pointed star motif.]]> 恭祝
路易. 艾黎老師八十五壽辰紀念
振翼齊飛
學生邱然美 梁渤然 張浩國 余盡忠
一九八二年十二月於慶陽
化普代筆
seal: 李化普印
]]>
One calligraphy scroll; five main characters with two lines of smaller characters; two signature seals.
Inscription as follows:
萅秋多佳日 西北有高樓
皋北闌山麓書應啓x先生正
丁亥夏四月 南春裴xx]]> bi and creature]]> Bi intersected by mythological creatures. Geometric border.]]> gu or zun.]]> torana with horizontal crossbar and moulded ridged roof.]]> sancai ware figure depicted standing erect and dressed in flowing robes. Figure's robed body is glazed green and brown and surmounted by the unglazed head of an animal. Figure's head and upper back have been broken off and reattached.]]> bianhu flask in the form of a flattened globe or canteen with a short neck surmounted by a ring-shaped lip and a flaring pedestal base. Vessel presents two circular faces divided by a ridge running around its vertical circumference from mouth to base. One upper quadrant of the ridge sports a moulded looped grip; the remains of such are visible on the opposing upper quadrant. Each circular face presents moulded serpentine relief patterns within a border of moulded beads and floral motifs. One face presents two opposed avians; the other face a single avian bounded by flowering plants.]]> yi (‘clothes’).]]> Yin-Yang symbol encircled by three ranks of moulded concentric arcs.]]> ]]> qingbai ware vase with a short narrow neck over broad shoulders and a globular body tapering towards a flat narrow base.]]> qingbai ware bowl in the form of an inverted cone truncated to provide a narrow shallow base. Glazed blue-white. Bowl interior presents moulded serpentine botanical pattern. Underside of base of bowl exhibits mark of Huizong Emperor (1119-1125 AD).]]> flambé glazed red vase with a long thin neck and narrow mouth. Glaze exhibits purple streaks particularly evident at the top of the neck.]]> ]]> blanc de Chine in the form of a rhinoceros horn. Exterior presents moulded relief patterns and glaze crazing.]]> ]]> ]]> gui]]> gui. Brown-green and dark green vein.]]> ]]> bi]]> bi. Medium-sized circular central hole. Obverse presents interlocking geometric pattern arranged in two concentric rings. Reverse presents geometric patterns arranged in two concentric rings. Inner ring exhibits rectilinear spirals. Outer ring exhibits zig-zag pattern of striated triangles.]]> cong]]> cong. Dark grey-brown vein. Obverse and reverse present inner ring relief superimposed on square outer cross-section. Each side presents four rectangular reliefs incised with vertical parallel lines.]]> cong]]> cong. Brown-grey vein. Obverse and reverse present inner ring relief superimposed on square outer cross-section.]]> cong]]> cong. Brown-flecked vein. Obverse and reverse present inner ring relief superimposed on square outer cross-section.]]> zu cong]]> zu cong 组琮. Brown-flecked vein. Four equidistantly-spaced protruding arc-shaped sections around outside circumference.]]> yuan]]> yuan. Brown-flecked vein. Circumference embellished with head tail and four feet of a stylised turtle.]]> cong]]> cong. Brown-flecked vein. Obverse and reverse present inner ring relief superimposed on square outer cross-section. Two opposing sides present decorative dragons in shallow relief; the other two opposing sides present an arrangement of lunates and dots in shallow relief.]]> ruyi fungal pattern. Small hole pierced at top.]]> gui]]> gui. Dark olive-brown vein. Lower edge describes an arc; upper edge defines a low triangle pierced with a hole.]]> sui]]> sui. Brown-flecked vein.]]> sui]]> sui. Dark brown vein. Upper two thirds of obverse presents incised serpentine ruyi fungal patterns and lower third an incised taotie pattern.]]> gui]]> gui. Yellow vein. Pointed top and flat base. Left and right edges present wave profile. Small hole pierced through upper right obverse.]]> daigou]]> daigou decorated with jade carving. Obverse presents grey-white mutton-fat jade relief-carving of dragon mounted in brass. Reverse presents two brass belt loops and clasp.]]> ya zhang
]]> ya zhang. Light brown vein. Small hook carved into lower left obverse edge. Small hole adjacent to hook.]]> gui]]> gui. Green with darker green vein.]]> ruyi motifs.]]> ruyi pattern. Each body cylinder presents continuous landscape design of mountains trees houses and figures in boats.]]> ruyi pattern. Body presents continuous design of a figure fishing in a garden landscape. Base exhibits mark 玩玉 (literally 'play jade').]]>